Hydroa vacciniforme is a rare acquired photodermatosis which usually presents in childhood. It is characterized by vesicle, crust and scar formation following exposure to sunlight. Vacciniform scars of face and dorsa of the hands are common features but oral ulcers and eye complications also occur rarely. Another rare manifestation of the disease is EAR MUTILATION which is presented in this report.

Background and Aim: In transferring relationship of jaws to opening axis of articulator by EARbow EARpiece of face bow is adapted on EAR pin of articulator. So this study was done in order to compare position of EARpiece representing external auditory meatus and EAR pin of an articulator.Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was done on 30 students (15 males, 15 females, 20 to 25 yEARs of age) with functionally acceptable occlusion. Kinematic center of rotation was located and maxillary cast was transferred to the Hanau articulator (Medular-196). In the next step, EAR-bow is used to register orientation relation of maxilla and after positioning the fork on maxillary cast which was mounted in preview step, the position of center of EARpiece of EAR-bow was marked on graphs paper which were attached on two round aluminum plate positioned to condylar part of articulator. The last step was to compare registered points to EAR pin position of articulator. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and t test were used to examine difference between genders and left and right sides at a significant level of P<0.5. Results: Positions of EARpieces in 66.7% of the samples in the left part of the face and 70% in the right part were located upper; and more forward as the current EAR pin of the condylar compartment. There were no significant differences between both sides and difference based on gender.Conclusion: Considering all achieved results in this study, the current locations of the EAR pins in mentioned articulator are not suitable for our samples and some changes must be considered in mounting of casts.

Background: Skin lesions and need for tissue evaluation, makes skin surgery an important part of treatment. Each excision is accompanied by skin repair. One of side effects of lesion excision is dog EAR and cosmetic problems, particulary on face. Case Report: A middle age woman presented with an old leishmaniosis scar in her face. she asked how can we remove the lesion with minimal scar. In the planned operation the lesion was excised some deeper fatty tissues at both ends. At the end of wound closure, there was not ant dog EAR around wound. Conclusion: There are numerous options to prevent and correct dog EARs at the end of skin closure-depending on size and location of the lesion. in our recommended technique, subdermal fatty excision attached to the lesion, may remain minimal extra skin at the end of skin closure.

Background and Aim: Real-EAR Unaided Gain (REUG) can reveal the outer-EAR resonance which reflects the effects of body and EAR factors. Deformity in the outer EAR may change the real-EAR unaided responses. Cauliflower EAR is a common EAR deformity in wrestlers. This study aimed to compare the REUG of normal and cauliflower EAR in wrestlers to investigate the frequencies at which the gain may be inaccurate. Methods: Ten male wrestlers with the age ranged from 21 to 31 yEARs participated in this study. The study had within-subject design and only one group. The REUGs was recorded for both EARs, normal and cauliflower EARs, and the results analyzed. Results: The mean of REUG values were significantly different between the deformed and normal EARs. There were two distinct peaks in the REUG curve of the deformed EAR, while there was a single peak in that of the normal EAR. Conclusion: The differences in the REUG at 2–, 6 kHz between the deformed and normal EARs was seen.

Introduction: Social tradition may originate from religion or nonreligious root. From long ago, there was female genital MUTILATION as a social behavior among some ethnic groups. Some people believe that female genital MUTILATION is a religious obligatory. To understand the accuracy of this assertion, people must know the commands and doctrines divine religions. This study was performed with aim to investigates the views of the heavenly religions of Islam, Christianity and Judaism about female genital MUTILATION.Methods: Collecting data in this review article was library resources, scientific journals, WHO and UNICEF, databases of Science direct, PubMed, Magiran, Cochran library, Google Scholar, Iran Medex and SID. Time interval for sEARching references was 2002 to 2016. Information were collected by using the keywords of Female Genital MUTILATION, Female Genital Circumcision and Female Genital Cutting along with the keywords of doctrine, Sunni, Shia, Jewish, Christian, Islam and Religion. Data were analyzed qualitatively.Results: From 68 sEARched articles, 28 articles which met inclusion criteria and were related to the purpose of the study were reviewed. The results showed that although nowadays female genital MUTILATION is performing by Muslims, Christians and Jews, but Koran, Bible or Torah has not recommended it and don't know it as a MUTILATION obligatory for girls. Only, Shafei know it necessary to remove the skin of clitoris.Conclusion: In societies where female genital MUTILATION is done, cultural tradition is dominant on religious convictions; although the advocates for justifying their actions claim that the reason is religious orders.

Background & Aim: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been the most studied personality disorder. Some resEARches have examined the relationship between BPD and most axis I diagnostic classes such as mood disorders, substance related disorders and anxiety disorders. The present study was conducted to determine the differences between BPD with and without OCD, BPD with and without self-MUTILATION.Methods & Materials: This study is a descriptive- analytic study. A clinical interview was carried out with all patients referred to Imam Hossain hospital with BPD diagnosis and those in whom BPD diagnosis was established on the basis of DSM-IV criteria. Data about sex, education, marital status, job, self -MUTILATION, suicidal attempt and substance abuse were gathered by a form.Results: Totally 205 BPD patients were evaluated (62.4 %female Vs 37.6 % male). This study showed that the frequency of OCD in BPD is more than that in general population (45.29% Vs 2-3%). There was statistically. significant difference between BPD with and without OCD in terms of sex, age, history of self-MUTILATION and suicidal attempts and also no significant difference between BPD with and without self-MUTILATION in relation with substance abuse and suicidal attempts.Conclusion: OCD comorbidity with BPD especially in self-mutilated patients can help clinicians to better understand the psychopathology of BPD and prescribe appropriate medications (e.g. SSRI).

Background: Female genital MUTILATION (FGM) is one of the important aspects of reproductive health. The economic, social and health consequences of FGM threaten the achievement of sustainable development goals. The purpose of this study was to assess the economic, social and reproductive health consequences of FGM from the perspective of individual, family, community and health system. Methods: In this study, we reviewed 1536 articles from 1979 to 2015. Fifty-one studies were directly related to our goal. ResEARch papers, review articles, case studies and books on the resEARch topic were used. Results: The results of this review showed that most studies on FGM, have investigated health complications of FGM, and few studies 􀁋 􀁄 􀁙 􀁈 􀀃 􀁄 􀁇 􀁇 􀁕 􀁈 􀁖 􀁖 􀁈 􀁇 􀀃 􀁌 􀁗 􀁖 􀀃 􀁖 􀁒 􀁆 􀁌 􀁒 􀁈 􀁆 􀁒 􀁑 􀁒 􀁐 􀁌 􀁆 􀀃 􀁄 􀁖 􀁓 􀁈 􀁆 􀁗 􀁖 􀀑 􀀃 􀀷 􀁋 􀁈 􀀃 􀁆 􀁒 􀁐 􀁓 􀁏 􀁌 􀁆 􀁄 􀁗 􀁌 􀁒 􀁑 􀁖 􀀃 􀁉 􀁕 􀁒 􀁐 􀀃 􀁗 􀁋 􀁈 􀀃 􀀩 􀀪 􀀰 􀀃 􀁆 􀁄 􀁑 􀀃 􀁌 􀁐 􀁓 􀁒 􀁖 􀁈 􀀃 􀁄 􀀃 􀁖 􀁌 􀁊 􀁑 􀁌 􀂿 􀁆 􀁄 􀁑 􀁗 􀀃 􀁈 􀁆 􀁒 􀁑 􀁒 􀁐 􀁌 􀁆 􀀃 􀁅 􀁘 􀁕 􀁇 􀁈 􀁑 􀀃 􀁒 􀁑 􀀃 􀁌 􀁑 􀁇 􀁌 􀁙 􀁌 􀁇 􀁘 􀁄 􀁏 􀁖 􀀏 􀀃 society and health system. Social consequences of FGM are more irritating than health consequences, so to tackle this practice; its 􀁖 􀁒 􀁆 􀁌 􀁄 􀁏 􀀃 􀁄 􀁖 􀁓 􀁈 􀁆 􀁗 􀁖 􀀃 􀁖 􀁋 􀁒 􀁘 􀁏 􀁇 􀀃 􀁅 􀁈 􀀃 􀁐 􀁒 􀁕 􀁈 􀀃 􀁈 􀁐 􀁓 􀁋 􀁄 􀁖 􀁌 􀁝 􀁈 􀁇 􀀑 􀀃 􀀶 􀁌 􀁊 􀁑 􀁌 􀂿 􀁆 􀁄 􀁑 􀁗 􀀃 􀁖 􀁋 􀁒 􀁕 􀁗 􀀃 􀁄 􀁑 􀁇 􀀃 􀁏 􀁒 􀁑 􀁊 􀀃 􀁗 􀁈 􀁕 􀁐 􀀃 􀁆 􀁒 􀁑 􀁖 􀁈 􀁔 􀁘 􀁈 􀁑 􀁆 􀁈 􀁖 􀀃 􀁒 􀁉 􀀃 􀀩 􀀪 􀀰 􀀃 􀁗 􀁋 􀁕 􀁈 􀁄 􀁗 􀁈 􀁑 􀀃 􀁚 􀁒 􀁐 􀁈 􀁑 􀂶 􀁖 􀀃 􀁕 􀁈 􀁓 􀁕 􀁒 􀁇 􀁘 􀁆 􀁗 􀁌 􀁙 􀁈 􀀃 􀁋 􀁈 􀁄 􀁏 􀁗 􀁋 􀀞 􀀃 Reproductive health is one of the essential prerequisites of sustainable development. Sustainable development will be achieved if women are healthy. This practice can threaten achieving sustainable development. In Iran, FGM is performed in some areas, but there are no 􀁒 􀁉 􀂿 􀁆 􀁌 􀁄 􀁏 􀀃 􀁖 􀁗 􀁄 􀁗 􀁌 􀁖 􀁗 􀁌 􀁆 􀁖 􀀃 􀁄 􀁅 􀁒 􀁘 􀁗 􀀃 􀁌 􀁗 􀀃 􀁄 􀁑 􀁇 􀀃 􀁗 􀁋 􀁈 􀁕 􀁈 􀀃 􀁋 􀁄 􀁖 􀀃 􀁜 􀁈 􀁗 􀀃 􀁅 􀁈 􀁈 􀁑 􀀃 􀁑 􀁒 􀀃 􀁓 􀁏 􀁄 􀁑 􀀃 􀁗 􀁒 􀀃 􀁇 􀁈 􀁄 􀁏 􀀃 􀁚 􀁌 􀁗 􀁋 􀀃 􀀩 􀀪 􀀰 􀀑 Conclusion: FGM is a form of social injustice which women suffer. Ending FGM requires a deep and long-term commitment. Knowing its 􀁆 􀁒 􀁑 􀁖 􀁈 􀁔 􀁘 􀁈 􀁑 􀁆 􀁈 􀁖 􀀃 􀁄 􀁑 􀁇 􀀃 􀁌 􀁗 􀁖 􀀃 􀁈 􀁉 􀁉 􀁈 􀁆 􀁗 􀁖 􀀃 􀁒 􀁑 􀀃 􀁌 􀁑 􀁇 􀁌 􀁙 􀁌 􀁇 􀁘 􀁄 􀁏 􀀏 􀀃 􀁉 􀁄 􀁐 􀁌 􀁏 􀁌 􀁈 􀁖 􀀏 􀀃 􀁗 􀁋 􀁈 􀀃 􀁋 􀁈 􀁄 􀁏 􀁗 􀁋 􀀃 􀁖 􀁜 􀁖 􀁗 􀁈 􀁐 􀀃 􀁄 􀁑 􀁇 􀀃 􀁆 􀁒 􀁐 􀁐 􀁘 􀁑 􀁌 􀁗 􀁜 􀀃 􀁚 􀁌 􀁏 􀁏 􀀃 􀁋 􀁈 􀁏 􀁓 􀀃 􀁖 􀁘 􀁓 􀁓 􀁒 􀁕 􀁗 􀁈 􀁕 􀁖 􀀃 􀁗 􀁒 􀀃 􀁆 􀁒 􀁑 􀁗 􀁌 􀁑 􀁘 􀁈 􀀃 􀂿 􀁊 􀁋 􀁗 􀁌 􀁑 􀁊 􀀃 􀁗 􀁋 􀁌 􀁖 􀀃 􀁓 􀁕 􀁄 􀁆 􀁗 􀁌 􀁆 􀁈 􀀑 􀀃 Any money spent on eliminating this harmful practice, compared with the costs of complications, would not be wasteful. It seems that further studies are needed to assess socioeconomic effects of FGM and the relationship between type of FGM and induced complications. Such studies will help policymakers to tackle this practice.